Ancient Egyptian And Mesopotamian Cultures Essays - Western Asia

Ancient Egyptian And Mesopotamian Cultures Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian Cultures Around the time 4,000-1,000 BC there were two major western civilizations. Those civilizations were the Ancient Egyptians and the Mesopotamians. Many similarities exist between the civilizations of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, as well as many differences. Both Egypt and Mesopotamia were polytheistic, that is, they believed their worlds were ruled by more than one god. Both cultures also believed that they themselves were created for the purpose of serving their gods. Their similarities include the existence of educational systems and codes of law. Their differences are found partly in those similarities, as well as their medical practices and their interpretations of the great floods. There are many patterns that are common of the civilizations of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, which shows that there were some patterns of development that might be common to early civilizations, but they probably didn't have very much contact with each othe r. Both of the civilizations believed in education. The people of Sumer were expected to do what was asked of them and to behave properly while in school. If the pupils were late for school or failed to complete their assignments, they would be beaten with a stick, or caned. One story about a Sumerian boy, who was not doing well in school, tells of the kinds of small things children would be punished for, such as poor penmanship. This story shows us how common this sort of discipline was: ?Who was in charge of drawing said ?Why when I was not here did you stand up?' caned me. My teacher said ?Your hand is not good,' caned me.? (A Sumerian Schoolboy, SPV 15). It seams that if they misbehaved at all during school they would be punished by being by a cane. The school children of Egypt were advised by their fathers to be men of pride and to listen to their people. The advice that a father gave to his son was very important, telling that son how to behave to make both himself and his fam ily proud. ?Take counsel with the ignorant, as well as the wise? (A Father's Advice, SPV 31) advises that wisdom may be found from the lips of all people; not only from the scholars or artisans, but from the slaves and common folk as well. The Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians had different theories as to how they came about and why they were created. Both civilizations believed that the gods created them. The Mesopotamians believed that the mightier gods forced the lesser gods into slavery, and that the Mesopotamian people were created to take over for those lesser gods when they revolted. ?When the gods, like man, bore the work, carried the labor-basket?the labor-basket of the great gods?the work was heavy, much was the distress...? (A Creation Myth: ?Let Man Carry the Labor-Basket of the Gods, SPV 13) is saying that the lesser gods had to do the hard labor before man was created. ?While Nintu is present, let the birth-goddess create the offspring, let man bear the labor-basket of the gods? was what Enlil said after he agreed to create humans to do the physical labor. ?I have removed your heavy labor, have placed your labor-basket on man,? is what he said to the gods after humans were created. (A Creation Myth: ?Let Man Carry the Labor-Basket of the Gods, SPV 13). The Egyptian creation theory is different from that of the Mesopotamians. The Egyptians thought that Khepri created all the humans and created the other gods as well. It was believed the Kherpi created the lesser gods from his spit and humans from his semen. ?I planned in my own heart, and there came into being a multitude of forms of beings, the forms of children and the forms of their children. I was the one who copulated with my fist, I masturbated with my hand. Then I spewed with my own mouth: I spat out what was Shu, and I sputtered out what was Tefnut.? (The Book of Knowing the Creations, HD #5). The Code of Hammurabi is the Mesopotamian written code of law. It is a very complete and specif ic code of law, which allowed

Organization’s Ethics Essays

Organization’s Ethics Essays Organization’s Ethics Essay Organization’s Ethics Essay Organization’s Ethics Name: Course: Institution: Tutor: Date: Organization’s Ethics Managers carry the responsibility of granting long-term guidelines for the achieving their Companies’ goals (Reynolds, 2009). In addition, managers also have a duty in stabilizing the competing concerns of the main stakeholders. However, a major mistake made by a number of businesses is in being unable to establish their identity or purpose. This leads to a setback on the organization’s ability to achieve its goals and hence there should be a great urgency in establishing its direction. The direction of an organization is identified by establishing factors including the manager’s definition of the Organization’s values, mission, vision, culture and principles among others. One of the values expected in a manager is the ability to understand and know each of his employees especially their strengths, weaknesses and motivating factors. Most importantly, managers should realize that each of their employees is different and hence handle them individually (Reynolds, 2009). As a manager defines the organization’s mission, he should develop a statement that motivates the workers by giving a particular focus on providing means for setting organizational goals at the operational level of the company. In addition, the employees should be able to use it as a guide for making decisions and establishing the organization’s purpose. In writing the mission statement, a manager is also expected to define the limits on how the organization intends to utilize its resources. In addition, the manager should also include the organization’s strengths and weaknesses and notify the employees on how they could direct their energy in taking the opportunity to utilize the strengths for the Organization’s benefit. As the manager writes the vision statement, he should consider identifying the organizations’ goals from a prospective view. This means including what is valued instead of what wants to be achieved by the organization. It should appear as a guideline on how to accomplish the organization’s goals. The vision statement should also be written in a manner that obliges the employees to apply their efforts and skills to the best of their ability as they work in the organization. In addition, the vision statement should be able to motivate the consumers as well since they are crucial factors in determining the organization’s success. The personal code of ethics provides several significant directions for making sure that the management profession proceeds with playing a fundamental and ethical responsibility in business (Reynolds, 2009). Managers are required to fulfill their given responsibilities within an organization with honesty and integrity. In addition, they are also expected to consider the concerns of the society by applying the values of honesty and reliability when implementing the organization’s policies. This means that a manager should not try to damage other people’s reputation through malicious or reckless means. Managers are also required to value the aspect of confidentiality as they receive information for the organization. The mission statement of an organization defines the goals to be achieved and the reasons for accomplishing them. In addition, it should influence workers in wanting to be apart of identifying the organization’s goals and evaluating the organization’s performance to ensure that they go in line with the set goals. In addition, a mission statement should involve the significance of the organization’s account, customs and values. The code of ethics applied should act as guidelines for directing the achievement of organization’s objectives (Griffin and Moorehead, 2012). An organization’s resources are expected to be efficiently and economically managed. The code of ethics also expects the organization to develop workers’ skills and abilities in order to achieve the required goals. In addition, the organization should be a healthy and secure for workers to carry out their duties comfortably. An organization’s culture is connected to its strategic principles despite it being an existing or beginning firm. During the process of establishing an organization’s culture, the strategic values are related with its cultural principles. An organization’s values are identified by first establishing the strategic values. They involve the crucial beliefs concerning the organization’s atmosphere, which helps in forming its strategy. Employees are required to have and apply those values in order for the organization to act on its strategic values. The cultural values mainly consist of the organization’s principles that explain its mode and reasons of success (Griffin and Moorehead, 2012). In accomplishing social responsibility, the organization participates in guarding and improving the wellbeing of the society including the organizational concerns. The manager is required to accomplish the goals of both the organization and the society. In order for the organization to protect the society’s welfare, it considers factors such as customer affairs, environment and work operations. One of the main actions indicating social responsibility involves giving back to the society (Reynolds, 2009). The ethical analysis of an organization defines the relationship pattern development that is associated with employees as individuals and groups as combining and vested concerns for the organization and the society. During the identification of the organization’s strengths, the manager should consider factors that boost progress in performance. For example, the strengths include the organization’s abilities, expertise and resources that enable it to succeed when achieving its goals (Griffin and Moorehead, 2012). On the other hand, the organization’s weaknesses comprise of factors that hinder the accomplishment of those goals from a number of perspectives including customers, competitors, environment and the market. Establishing the moral philosophy of an organization involves identifying the ethical and unethical practices. In addition, it is also involved with identifying the fundamental assumptions and analyzing them in various ethical situations. The most affirmed ethical principles and moral philosophy are based on identifying the appropriateness of certain behaviors in a particular situation. After analyzing the organization’s ethics, it is clear that the elements involved including the mission, vision, ethical principles and cultural values are all based with assisting the organization to achieve its objectives. Therefore, it is crucial for a manager to identify clearly each of these factors in order to enable the succession of organization’s goals.

Successional Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Successional Planning - Research Paper Example The organization provides services to the customer within the town of Quispamsis. The organization has more than 100 employees and has been in service for many years. It is managed by professionals who ensure continuity and expansion. Exploitation is evidences in the organization with some of the professional providing service being underpaid. Sometimes salary delay and over taxation are noticed. For improvement, the employee compensation policies should be reviewed. Individual should be compensated with respect to their education level and experience. Pension scheme should also be introduced in order to compensate people after retirement. Employees should be given medical and health insurance cover to compensate them in case of injury. Training should be held in order to make sure that the employees are conversant with the organization’s operations and strategies. The current state is good and the existing operational strategies should be maintained or improved. In future there should be skilled and motivated employees in order to increase the performance and gain more income. Human resource manager should consider hiring skilled employees and also motivate the existing employee in order to improve